Detailed setup & best practices
This section expands each step with practical advice and the rationale behind it. Understanding why these steps matter helps you make safer choices.
1. Unbox and inspect
When you first open the package, check for tampering. Trusted vendors and official packaging reduce risks. If the package appears opened or damaged, contact the vendor before proceeding.
2. Download official software
Head directly to ledger.com/start or trezor.io/start. Avoid third-party download links. The official app verifies firmware signatures and provides an audited interface for account management.
3. Initialize & set a PIN
Follow on-device prompts to set a PIN. This protects your device from casual theft. Pick a PIN that is easy for you to remember but hard for others to guess — avoid birthdays or obvious sequences.
4. Back up your recovery phrase
Your recovery phrase is the single most critical item. Write it on the provided card or consider a metal backup. Store copies in different secure locations if you need redundancy — but be mindful of the risk of theft if too many copies exist.
5. Firmware & app updates
Keep firmware and apps up to date to receive security patches. Always verify the update through the official app; do not install firmware from unknown sources.
6. Sending & receiving funds
Always verify the recipient address and amount on the device screen before approving. Devices show the final transaction details; this step prevents malware on your computer from altering transaction data.
7. Advanced protections
Consider using a passphrase to create hidden wallets or Shamir Backup for splitting recovery shares (if supported). These options increase security but also add complexity; document your chosen approach carefully.
8. Migration & compatibility
If migrating from a software wallet, start with small transfers to confirm access. Ledger and Trezór® support most major asset types — always check compatibility for specific tokens or chains before moving large balances.
Security checklist
- Package appears untampered and firmware is verified.
- Recovery seed written on physical media and stored offline.
- PIN set and tested.
- At least one small test transaction confirmed end-to-end.
Frequently asked questions
Can I store my recovery phrase digitally?
No — storing seeds digitally (photos, cloud storage, email) exposes them to hackers. Use physical backups or certified metal backups.
Is it safe to buy a used device?
A used device can be secure if you perform a factory reset and reinstall firmware using the official app. However, buying new from an authorized source is the safest option.
What should I do if I suspect compromise?
Immediately move funds to a new wallet whose seed you control and that you trust is uncompromised. Contact official support and review the security of your devices and environment.
Closing advice
Hardware wallets significantly reduce the risk of key theft compared to software-only solutions. However, they are not a substitute for careful operational security: safeguard your recovery phrase, verify everything on-device, and treat physical security as seriously as digital security.